Search Results

jumping OBEDIENCE TRAINING 101 GUIDE Key Note : Dogs jump up to engage with us. When dogs engage with each other they sniff heads and bums, but with us they have to get up higher to do that, so they jump. ​ ​ How To Stop Jumping ​ Make it a rule that if they don’t have all four paws on the floor, they don’t get any attention. Make sure everyone in the household sticks to it. Ignore them completely when they jump. Don’t talk to them, look at them, or push them away. All of these behaviors are attention and whether it’s good or bad attention, if your dog gets it, this will encourage them to continue. In addition to ignoring the jumping you can turn away and give them your back. If needed you can walk away or leave the room. KEY POINT: Make sure to catch the moment they switch from jumping to having all four paws on the floor. Immediately praise and reward them for making the right choice. If after the praise they start jumping again immediately go back to ignoring them, give them your back and wait for them to stop. When they do praise and reward. Repeat this exercise. This is how we teach them that if they want to engage with us, jumping won’t work, they must keep all their paws on the floor for that to happen. Create a New Routine Teaching them a new behavior to replace the jumping behavior is an effective way to change their routine. For example, when they come to greet you teach them to sit instead. Make it your new daily routine. When you come home, before they have the chance to jump, ask for a sit and then praise and reward. Creating a new routine like this will change the pattern of jumping to greet you and they will instead learn to greet you by sitting. ​ ​ Troubleshooting Jumping ​ ​ ​ If turning your back makes them jump more then use a loud noise to interrupt the behavior like “UH-UH” or a loud clap, and then walk forward towards them into their space. This will typically discourage the behavior because they’ll have a hard time keeping their balance to continue jumping if you are walking towards them. As soon as they have all four paws on the floor, praise and reward them. Use a time out for your dog as a last resort. For this exercise, the second your dog jumps immediately take them to a dog proofed room for 30-60 seconds. Do NOT use their crate for this exercise. We don’t want to create a bad association with their crate. Instead use a room or a dog proofed area. Again waiting only 30-60 seconds and then give them another chance to make the right choice. When they are released from the time out, ignore them at first. No touching, talking, or eye contact. When they approach keeping their paws on the floor, praise and reward this correct behavior. If they come right back and jump, repeat the exercise. Time outs need to be given immediately when the dog jumps so they understand the consequence of their jump. The time out needs to be short because if the dog is isolated for a while, they’ll likely forget why they were given the time out in the first place. Never release your dog from the time out when they are whining or barking. Wait for a few seconds of quiet and then let them out. We don’t want them to learn that barking and whining will get them what they want. Repeat this exercise as much as needed. Some dogs will learn in a few repetitions, some dogs need a few weeks. For those who occasionally like the behavior of their dog jumping up to say hi, you can train a “hug” command. Teaching a command for this means this behavior is only acceptable if you ask for it and they are never allowed to jump up unless you ask. PRINT

Behavior benefits of toys & Puzzles OBEDIENCE TRAINING 101 GUIDE The Behavior Benefits Chew toys and puzzle games provide your dog with physical and mental stimulation. Studies show that dogs with adequate mental and physical exercise are not only healthier, they also have less behavior problems. These toys provide your dog with something to focus on and direct their energy toward which will in turn reduce those unwanted behaviors such as barking, whining, digging , and being destructive. Decreases Stress, Anxiety, & Boredom Chewing releases serotonin in your dog's brain which produces a calming effect. When dogs are anxious they will often seek out things to chew to relieve those feelings. Boredom can also lead to these similar unwanted behaviors. When dogs are bored they'll find things to fill their time that us humans don’t always approve of like digging up the garden, jumping on our house guests, or barking at everyone who passes the house. Having something to entertain themselves with while they are at the same time relieving anxiety is a win-win situation. Chewing Helps Teething & Prevents Dental Issues Chewing eases painful gums in teething puppies. Freezing a chew toy is a great way to provide your puppy with a toy to both occupy their time and soothe their gums. Chewing will also provide dental benefits throughout your dog's adult life. Chewing scrapes away tartar and cleans teeth which leads to healthier mouths and better breath. Picking the Right Chew Toys or Puzzle for Your Dog Instead of feeding your dog from a food bowl use your dog’s daily kibble in a toy that will provide entertainment for hours. We recommend toys like Kongs, Treat Balls, or Bob-a-Lot toys . Puzzle games like snuffle mats and puzzle feeders are also fantastic options. Find out which toys your dog really loves. You’ll be able to use these throughout their entire life to help with their behavior and boredom. Beware of toys with pieces they can chew off and swallow. Monitor the size of chew toys and bones that reduce in size over time. Be sure to take them away when they get small enough to swallow. Using your dog's daily diet for these toys instead of additional treats is not only cost efficient, it makes your dog's weight easier to maintain. Keys for Kongs Kong toys are undoubtedly one of the best chew toys out there. Their design makes them indestructible to most dogs and easy to fill with food. When stuffing a Kong make sure it’s not packed too tight. You can start with some loose kibble to make it easy for your dog at first. To create a long lasting chew toy you can stuff it with some of their kibble that’s been moistened with water and then pop it in the freezer overnight. In the morning you’ll have a tasty treat that will last for hours. Keeping a handful of these toys in the freezer will make leaving them with a self-entertaining toy an easy thing to fit into your morning routine. Kongs can be stuffed with peanut butter, biscuits, honey, cheese, and many other treats. But keep in mind your dog’s weight management when selecting your stuffing. PRINT

User Agreement The following terms govern Customer’s use of any Software except to the extent particular Software (a) is the subject of a separate written agreement between Customer and HAPPY PAWS - PetCare; or (b) includes or references a separate license agreement. If any Software is identified in a Purchase Order, invoice or proof of entitlement issued by HAPPY PAWS - PetCare (collectively, “Proof of Entitlement”), Customer’s license to such Software is subject to any additional terms and conditions contained in the Proof of Entitlement, including, without limitation, the term of the license (“License Term”), applicable license fees (“Fees”), applicable devices or types of devices (“Applicable Devices”) and limitations with respect to use on a single hardware device, number of devices under management, number of ports or other quantitative limits (“Quantitative Limits”). The Software provided or made available to Customer may include features or functionality (e.g., the E, V and Z features of EOS) that Customer may not use unless Customer purchases a separate license to such features and functionality. Information about the license terms applicable to the Software (including, without limitation, EOS, EaaS, CloudVision and CloudVision Lite) is available on the HAPPY PAWS - PetCare website. Limited License Grant. With respect to the specific program modules, feature set(s) or feature(s) of the Software identified in any Proof of Entitlement, and subject to Customer’s compliance with the Limitations and Restrictions section of this Agreement, including, without limitation, Customer’s payment of any applicable Fees, HAPPY PAWS - PetCare grants to Customer a limited, revocable, nonexclusive, non-sublicensable and nontransferable license, during the License Term to: (1) download, install and use such Software consistent with the use and restrictions set forth in the applicable Proof of Entitlement and only for Customer’s internal business purposes; (2) reproduce, copy, modify, and create derivative works of any such Software that is provided in source code format, only for Customer’s internal business purposes; provided, however, that if any Software is provided in source code format, Customer shall not create any derivative works of the Software that contain Open Source Software nor shall Customer use the Software or portion thereof to merge with, link to, make function calls to, or share data structures with any Open Source Software, if any such combination or use of the Software would require the Software to be made available royalty free or in source code form; (3) use the Software in conjunction with Third Party Software in a manner consistent with the terms of this Agreement; (4) review the Software including, without limitation, unpacking archives (such as ZIP, SWI and RPM files provided by HAPPY PAWS - PetCare), and accessing underlying operating system facilities; and (5) extend the Software provided in source code format and linking Customer-developed software to the Software. As used in this Agreement, “Open Source Software” means any software made available by a third party under a license approved by the Open Source Initiative, or any substantially similar license. ​ Limitations and Restrictions. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, the foregoing license grant excludes any right to, and Customer shall not: (1) sell, transfer, assign or sublicense the Software or Customer’s license rights under this Agreement, whether voluntarily or by operation of law, to any third party, directly or indirectly, and any such attempted transfer, assignment or sublicense shall be void; (2) use or allow use of the Software on any hardware other than the Equipment or Applicable Devices; (3) modify, reproduce, decompile, decrypt, disassemble, reverse engineer, create derivative works of or otherwise reduce to human- readable form any Software (other than Software that is provided in source code format); gain access to trade secrets or confidential information in the Software; circumvent any copy-protection or license enforcement; or attempt to do any of the foregoing, except to the extent expressly permitted by applicable law; (4) combine, commingle, or integrate any Software with Open Source Software or incorporate Open Source Software into any Software that may add any additional Open Source Software requirements, obligations, or licensing terms to the Software; (5) disclose to any third party any results of benchmarking or other testing generated in connection with Customer’s use of Software, including without limitation any comparisons of the Software or Equipment with any other products; (6) provide a third party with a copy of or access to the Software (including, without limitation, source code) (if Customer does so, Customer will be responsible to HAPPY PAWS - PetCare for all acts of such. third party); (7) remove from the Software (or fail to include in any copy) any readme files, notices, headers, disclaimers, marks or labels; and (8) use or allow use of the Software in violation of any applicable law or regulation or to support or facilitate any illegal activity. Customer shall be liable to HAPPY PAWS - PetCare for any damages, injury or harm caused to HAPPY PAWS - PetCare as a result of Customer’s violation of any of these limitations or restrictions. Evaluation License. HAPPY PAWS - PetCare may make certain Software available in object code form to end users only for evaluation, training or other limited non-commercial purposes without charging a Fee (“Evaluation License”). Where HAPPY PAWS - PetCare has provided an Evaluation License, all of the terms of this End User License Agreement shall apply except that (i) Customer’s license rights shall be limited to the evaluation of that Software, (ii) Customer shall not be required to pay a Fee for the evaluation of that Software and (iii) HAPPY PAWS - PetCare shall have the right to revoke the license to the Software at any time and for any reason. Updates. The terms and conditions of this Agreement shall apply to any upgrades, updates, bug fixes or modified versions (collectively, “Updates”) or additional copies of the Software. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement: (1) Customer has no license or right to use any such Updates or additional copies unless Customer, at the time of acquiring them, already holds a valid license to the Software associated with such Updates and has paid any required Fees for such Software; and (2) use of additional copies of the Software is limited to backup purposes only. By downloading or using any Updates, Customer’s rights with respect to the Updates are subject to the terms of the latest revision of this Agreement posted at the time of receipt of the Updates, HAPPY PAWS - PetCare then-current policies and procedures, and Customer’s Proof of Entitlement for the Software associated with such Updates. ​ Proprietary Notices. Customer agrees to maintain and reproduce all copyright and other proprietary notices on all copies, in any form, of the Software in the same form and manner that such copyright and other proprietary notices are included on the Software. Except as expressly authorized in this Agreement, Customer may make such backup copies of the Software as may be necessary for Customer’s lawful use, provided Customer affixes to such copies all copyright, confidentiality, and proprietary notices that appear on the original. ​ Reservation of Rights. The Software and documentation are owned by HAPPY PAWS - PetCare and its licensors, and is protected by copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secret laws of the United States and other jurisdictions, international conventions, and all other relevant intellectual property and proprietary rights, and applicable laws. As between Customer and HAPPY PAWS - PetCare, the Software, including without limitation intellectual property rights therein and thereto, are the sole and exclusive property of HAPPY PAWS - PetCare or its subsidiaries or affiliated companies and/or its third-party licensors. All Software is licensed to Customer, not sold. HAPPY PAWS - PetCare reserves all rights not expressly granted in this Agreement, and no rights or licenses shall be deemed or interpreted to be granted or transferred hereunder, whether by implication, estoppel, or otherwise. ​ Fees and Payments. Unless otherwise specified in the Proof of Entitlement, any license or subscription Fees with respect to the Software are due and payable no later than thirty (30) days after the date of invoice or first use of the Software by Customer, whichever is earlier. Late invoices shall be subject to interest of 1.5% per month (or the maximum rate permitted by law if less) plus any expenses of collection. HAPPY PAWS - PetCare reserves the right to suspend and/or terminate access to the Software if any Fees payable hereunder are past due. Such suspension or termination shall not relieve Customer from its obligation to pay all amounts due under this Agreement. ​ Taxes. The Fees do not include any foreign, federal, state or local taxes, or any sales, use, excise, ad valorem, value-added, withholding or other taxes or duties that may be applicable to the purchase of Software (collectively, “Taxes”). Fees pursuant to this Agreement may not be reduced to reflect any Tax or other mandatory payment to government agencies. When HAPPY PAWS - PetCare has the legal obligation to collect Taxes related to any invoice, unless Customer provides HAPPY PAWS - PetCare with a valid and acceptable tax exemption certificate prior to issuance of said invoice, the appropriate amount shall be added to Customer’s invoice and paid by Customer. If a tax authority subsequently finds that any Tax payment related to any sale or service to Customer was insufficient and requires additional payment by HAPPY PAWS - PetCare, HAPPY PAWS - PetCare will make such payment and Customer will reimburse HAPPY PAWS - PetCare for such additional Tax payments (including, without limitation, any interest, and levies. penalties). ​ ​ ​ lNOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, ANY SOFTWARE LICENSED UNDER AN EVALUATION LICENSE, ANY SOFTWARE THAT IS PROVIDED WITHOUT CHARGING ANY FEE, ANY MODIFIED SOFTWARE AND ANY THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE ARE FURNISHED “AS IS,” WITH ALL FAULTS AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR ASSURANCE THAT THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY EQUIPMENT OR NETWORK RUNNING THE SOFTWARE, WILL OPERATE WITHOUT ERROR OR INTERRUPTION, OR WILL BE FREE OF VULNERABILITY TO INTRUSION OR ATTACK. CUSTOMER MAY NOT MAKE A WARRANTY CLAIM AFTER EXPIRATION OF THE 90-DAY WARRANTY PERIOD. EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED IN THE LIMITED SOFTWARE WARRANTY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MEETING CUSTOMER’S REQUIREMENTS, NONINFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY’S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, COMPATIBILITY OR INTEROPERABILITY WITH ANY HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, SYSTEMS OR DATA NOT PROVIDED BY HAPPY PAWS - PetCareSATISFACTORY QUALITY, OR FREEDOM FROM INTERRUPTION OR ERROR, ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED AND EXCLUDED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. TO THE EXTENT AN IMPLIED WARRANTY CANNOT BE EXCLUDED, SUCH WARRANTY IS LIMITED IN DURATION TO THE 90-DAY WARRANTY PERIOD OR OTHERWISE TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. BECAUSE SOME STATES OR JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO CUSTOMER. ​

Mouthing & nipping OBEDIENCE TRAINING 101 GUIDE The Importance of Bite Inhibition Dogs use their mouths to explore the world much like we use our hands. The puppy biting phase will typically end around 6-8 months of age. While it is a normal puppy behavior to mouth and nip, we need to communicate to them that it is not ok to bite human skin so that they can develop what we call bite inhibition. Bite inhibition is when the dog learns how to be gentle with their mouth. Through feedback from us they can learn how to do this. We want them to understand early on in life that they must be gentle when it comes to human skin. Things like playing with toys we hold, taking treats, playing with other dogs, etc. all involve their open mouth. It’s vital we teach them how gentle they should be. If you’ve ever seen two dogs get into a scuffle that sounds terribly vicious but the only result afterwards is some wet fur, that is a perfect example of bite inhibition. If the dogs wanted to they certainly could have caused serious damage, but they are able to restrain themselves because they have developed bite inhibition. Puppies get their first lesson of bite inhibition with their littermates. When a puppy bites their sibling a little too hard the dog will squeal to communicate “ouch that hurt” and the puppy learns they have to be a bit softer next time. Puppies have to learn this same lesson from us, but with much stricter rules of course. We can communicate to them that their mouth hurts us by using a similar method that their littermates use. ​ How to Handle Puppy Nipping ​ If your puppy nips you, squeal a dramatic “OUCH” and then turn away from them, become completely still, and remove all of your attention for 30 seconds. This method is how we communicate that what they just did hurt us. We are freezing and removing all of our attention because this causes them to consider what they just did. After 30 seconds you can engage with your puppy again and ask for a sit, then redirect them to bite something appropriate like a stuffed animal or tug toy. Praise and reward them for doing these behaviors. If your puppy ignores your “OUCH” when they bite you, then completely remove your attention by leaving the room. After a minute, return and engage with them again by asking for a sit and then rewarding them with attention and toys. Repeat this pattern. Trust in the process. If you are inconsistent with your response, they will be inconsistent with theirs. You always want to be sending a clear message that biting is not ok. This lesson will take many repetitions but over time your puppy will learn that when they bite all the fun stops, and they will begin to be more careful with their mouth. ​ Bite Inhibition with Other Dogs ​ While it is important for dogs to have bite inhibition with humans, it’s also crucial for them to develop bite inhibition with other dogs. Dogs commonly learn this through “play fighting” with other dogs. Play fighting is how dogs teach other dogs the appropriate level of bite. Dogs are able to handle a much stronger bite than humans but it still needs to be controlled so that it doesn’t harm the other dog. Puppies may be given “corrections” from more mature dogs if they bite too hard. These “corrections” which may be a growl or snap, are the mature dog's way of communicating that was not an appropriate bite to the puppy. Although it may be startling to see this happen to your dog, it is actually extremely important that it does happen. THIS is how your puppy learns what is acceptable play behavior with their doggy playmates. Dogs who are not taught how to inhibit their bite can land themselves in dangerous situations. Handling their mouthing properly and giving them many opportunities to learn acceptable play behavior with other dogs is vital to their development. PRINT

Why Isn't my Dog Listening? OBEDIENCE TRAINING 101 GUIDE 1. They Might Be Too Distracted ​ ​ Dogs should be taught new skills in a distraction-free environment, or a low-distraction environment. Starting somewhere like a quiet living room for example is wonderful. Once your dog has the behavior down you can then start moving to more distracted environments. But remember every time you change the environment you have to reteach the skill from an easier level. The reason for this is that dogs don't generalize well. Meaning, just because they know how to sit in your living room doesn’t mean they know how to sit in the park. This is why it’s important to teach them skills in many different environments. Once they have practiced in a variety of settings we can then increase the level of distractions. For example, we can practice sitting in a park with dogs at a far distance and then practice sitting in a park with dogs within 10 feet. These exercises must be done in steps to achieve the best progress. If you go from asking for a sit in your living room to asking for a sit in a crowded dog park, your dog will likely not respond. 2. They Might Not Be Motivated ​ When you’re asking for a behavior from your dog who may be distracted by their environment you should always offer them something to engage their attention and make it worth their while. In the later stages of training your dog should be able to follow instructions with ease but in the beginning stages you want to entice them to listen to you over any and all other distractions. We do this by using high value rewards. High value rewards are the things your dog finds more valuable than anything else. These can be treats like real chicken, cheese, or hotdogs. These can also be your dog’s favorite toys like a tennis ball or tug toy. Find the things your dog loves most in the world and use these as their rewards. ​ 3. You Might Not Be Giving Clear Signals If your dog looks like they are giving you their full attention but they are not responding to your request, they might not understand your signal. Go back to practicing your signal for the behavior in a distraction-free environment to make sure your dog understands the behavior you are asking for. Whether you are using a hand signal or a verbal cue, make sure you are being consistent with your delivery of the signal. Dogs are very intune with our body language so even slight adjustments in our movements while giving the signal can cause confusion. ​ How to Set Your Dog Up for Success If your dog is struggling with the behavior, go back to where they were previously successful and build up difficulty from that point. After asking for the behavior, give your dog a few moments to process your request. If they are not responding adjust the circumstances before asking for the behavior again. For example, if you call your dog to come from play with another dog and they don't, move closer to them before asking again. Reward them for small steps in the right direction. For example, if they look up at you when you call them, praise them and then call again. PRINT

Serviced Areas North Denver Broomfield Thornton Westminster Henderson Commerce City East Denver Aurora Cherry Creek Park Hill Glendale Lone Tree South Denver Columbine Littleton Englewood Highlands Ranch Centennial Parker West Denver Arvada Golden Lakewood Morrison Ken Caryl

Signs that your dog is stressed OBEDIENCE TRAINING 101 GUIDE PRINT

Service Dog Company Referrals We Only Recommend Companies Who Use Positive Reinforcement Training Methods 1 Canine Partners of the Rockies 2 Freedom Service Dogs of America 3 Domino Service Dogs

potty training OBEDIENCE TRAINING 101 GUIDE 5 Keys to Potty Training: Create a routine Crate train them Supervise them & limit their freedom Praise them for going potty outside Handle accidents properly ​ Create a Routine ​ ​ A general rule of thumb is that puppies can hold their bladders for the same amount of hours as they are months old, ex: 3 month old = 3 hours. 5 months old = 5 hours. Maintaining a set schedule of times throughout the day for potty breaks according to this formula will give your pup the best head start. Keeping set meal times and food amounts will help you better predict your puppy’s potty needs. When changing dog foods be sure to gradually mix the old and new foods together over a few weeks, adding more of the new food every time. Sudden changes in food will likely cause diarrhea. ​ Crate Training ​ Crate training is the easiest and fastest way to potty train your dog. Dogs don’t like to eliminate where they sleep so keeping them in a small area is the best way to prevent accidents from happening. If a crate is too large your dog may eliminate on one side and still be able to sleep comfortably on the other. Size is important. Crates should be only big enough for your dog to stand up, turn around, and lie back down in. You can always get your dog a big comfy crate once they are finished with potty training. Crates should always be a safe happy place for your dog to be and never used as a punishment. Be sure to make crate time a positive experience for them by giving toys, treats, and lots of praise when they’re in there. Although crates are a great potty training tool they do not need to be used throughout their lives if you do not wish. See our section on Crate Training for more details. Puppies Should Be Given a Potty Break After: ​ Waking up. 10-15 minutes after having food or water. After playing. If you notice them sniffing or circling around. Supervise Them & Limit Freedom Just like babies, puppies need to be supervised to make sure they’re making the right choices. If they are left to their own devices they’re more likely to make bad choices. Supervision in the beginning stages is especially important, you should keep your puppy within sight and be sure to watch for signs that they have to go. Limit their access to the house. When leaving them or when you are not able to supervise they should always be confined in a crate, gated off area, or puppy-proofed room. ​ Praise Them for Going Potty Outside ​ ​ Dogs like to go in places where they can smell poo and pee so pick a designated potty spot for them to go in. Bring them back to this potty every time so they develop a routine. When they go potty say “GOOD” and give them lots of praise and treats! Let them enjoy a little more time outside afterwards or a short walk so they don’t think that going potty means the fun ends and we go back inside. Otherwise they’ll take longer and longer to go potty every time. If they do not go at first give them 5-10 minutes to do so. If they still don’t go, bring them back inside and give them another chance in 20-30 minutes. When you bring them back in, crate or confine them until their next potty break. Letting them roam around your home freely after they’ve not gone potty outside is a recipe for an accident. ​ Handle Accidents Properly ​ If you catch them in the act make a loud sound to interrupt them like “UH-UH” or a loud clap and then immediately bring them outside to finish. If they finish going outside, praise and reward. KEY NOTE : If you find an accident after the fact, do NOT punish them. Many people don’t know that dogs only have a one second learning period to understand if something they did was good or bad. Punishing them after the fact doesn’t teach them it was wrong because they won’t understand. This will only teach them to fear you and encourage them to hide their accidents from you. Clean the accident with an enzymatic cleaner specially made to completely remove pet odor. Beware that ammonia-based cleaners will likely attract the dog back again. Be sure to thoroughly clean with the enzymatic cleaner. If the dog can still smell where they went then they will likely go there again. PRINT

digging OBEDIENCE TRAINING 101 GUIDE Common Reasons Why Dogs Dig Out of boredom when they’re not getting enough physical and mental stimulation. Digging up dirt to lay in can keep them cool in the summer and warm in the winter. They may smell something that’s buried or they may want to bury something. If they see humans digging (gardening) they may want to join in on the fun. Fertilizer is very attractive to some dogs. Some breeds like terriers and labs are instinctually prone to digging. ​ How to Stop Digging ​ ​ ​ The number one way to stop your dog from digging is to supervise them. We have to be there to guide them to make the right decisions. If you catch them in the act of digging, make a loud noise to interrupt the behavior like a loud clap or “uh-uh” sound. Then redirect them to play with an appropriate toy instead. Consider giving them an area of the yard where it is ok to dig. A sectioned off part of dirt or a sandbox will do just fine. If you catch them digging somewhere else interrupt the behavior and redirect them to this spot. Encourage them to dig in this spot by hiding tasting treats or bones for them to find. If they learn they find good things in that spot, that's the spot they'll want to dig in. Be consistent with your rules. If you deem an area that is ok to dig in then that's the rule and they are never allowed to dig anywhere else. Provide your dog with adequate exercise and mental stimulation. Give them a nice game of fetch, a stuffed chew toy, or a bone to entertain themselves. PRINT

Privacy Policy 1. GENERAL HAPPY PAWS - PetCare ("Company" or "we" or "us" or "our") respects the privacy of everyone ("Sites' visitor" "user" or "you") that uses our www.happypawspets.co , as well as other device or online applications related or connected thereto (collectively, the "Sites"). The following Company Privacy Notice ("Privacy Notice") is designed to inform you, as a user of the Sites, about the types of personal information that Company may gather about or collect from you in connection with your use of the Sites. It also is intended to explain the conditions under which Company uses and discloses that personal information, and your rights in relation to that personal information. The Sites are hosted: In the United States. The Sites are subject to U.S. state and federal law. If you are accessing our Sites from other jurisdictions, please be advised that you are transferring your personal information to us in the United States, and by using our Sites, you are agreeing to that transfer and use of your personal information in accordance with this Privacy Notice. You also agree to abide to the applicable laws of the State and U.S. federal law concerning your use of the Sites and your agreements with us. If your use of the Sites would be unlawful in your jurisdiction, please do not use the Sites. ​ 2. HOW WE COLLECT AND USE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION ​ Company gathers personal information from users of the Sites. When you browse our Sites, subscribe to our services or contact us through various social or web forms you are voluntarily sharing personal information with us. This personal information also includes various data that we collect automatically. This may be the user’s Internet Protocol (IP) address, operating system, browser type and the locations of the Sites the user views right before arriving at, while navigating and immediately after leaving the Sites. It may also include various technical aspects of user’s computer or browser and users browsing habits that are collected through cookies. Company may analyze various mentioned personal information gathered from or about users to help Company better understand how the Sites are used and how to make them better. By identifying patterns and trends in usage, Company is able to better design the Sites to improve users’ experiences, both in terms of content and ease of use. From time to time, Company may also release the anonymized information gathered from the users in the aggregate, such as by publishing a report on trends in the usage of the Sites. When we believe disclosure is appropriate, we may disclose your information to help investigate, prevent or take other action regarding illegal activity, suspected fraud or other wrongdoing; to protect and defend the rights, property or safety of Company, our users, our employees or others; to comply with applicable law or cooperate with law enforcement; to enforce our Terms of Use or other agreements or policies, in response to a subpoena or similar investigative demand, a court order or a request for cooperation from a law enforcement or other government agency; to establish or exercise our legal rights; to defend against legal claims; or as otherwise required by law. In such cases, we may raise or waive any legal objection or right available to us. We will notify you if permitted before undertaking such disclosures. Company reserves the right to transfer all information in its possession to a successor organization in the event of a merger, acquisition, bankruptcy or other sale of all or a portion of Company’s assets. Other than to the extent ordered by a bankruptcy or other court, the use and disclosure of all transferred information will be subject to this Privacy Notice, or to a new privacy notice if you are given notice of that new privacy notice and are given an opportunity to affirmatively opt-out of it. ​ 3. DO WE USE COOKIES? We do NOT use cookies. 4. DO WE SHARE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION? General Provisions Company contractually prohibits its contractors, affiliates, vendors and suppliers from disclosing any personal information received from Company, other than in accordance with this Privacy Notice. These third parties may include advertisers, providers of games, utilities, widgets and a variety of other third-party applications accessible through the Sites. Company neither owns nor controls the third-party websites and applications accessible through the Sites. Thus, this Privacy Notice does not apply to personal information provided to or gathered by the third parties that operate them. Before visiting a third party, or using a third-party application, whether by means of a link on the Sites, directly through the Sites or otherwise, and before providing any personal information to any such third party, users should inform themselves of the privacy policies and practices (if any) of the third party responsible for those Sites or applications, and should take those steps necessary to, in those users’ discretion, protect their privacy. Third-Party Advertisers. We do NOT allow third-party advertising companies to serve ads when you visit the Sites. We use Google Analytics. We may use third-party vendors, including Google, who use first-party cookies (such as the Google Analytics cookie) and third-party cookies (such as the DoubleClick cookie) together to inform, optimize and serve ads based on your past activity on the Sites, including Google Analytics for Display Advertising. The personal information collected may be used to, among other things, analyze and track data, determine the popularity of certain content and better understand online activity. If you do not want any personal information to be collected and used by Google Analytics, you can install an opt-out in your web browser (https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout/) and/or opt out from Google Analytics for Display Advertising or the Google Display Network by using Google’s Ads Settings (www.google.com/settings/ads). Users can connect their accounts to their social media accounts. We may provide you the option to connect your account on the Sites to your account on some social networking sites for the purpose of logging in, uploading personal information or enabling certain features on the Sites. When logging in using your social network credentials, we may collect the personal information you have made publicly available on the social networking site, such as your name, profile picture, cover photo, username, gender, friends network, age range, locale, friend list and any other personal information you have made public. Once connected, other users may also be able to see information about your social network, such as the size of your network and your friends, including common friends. By connecting your account on the Sites to your account on any social networking site. We will not send any of your account personal information to the connected social networking site without first disclosing that to you. Each social network may further allow you to set privacy controls around your personal information on their system, and our collection of personal information will always follow such controls and permissions. This feature is subject to continuous change and improvement by us and each social networking site involved, and therefore the available features and shared personal information are subject to change. Please visit our Privacy Notice for any updates. The Sites have hyperlinks to social media networks. We may use hyperlinks on the Sites which will redirect you to a social network if you click on the respective link. However, when you click on a social plug-in, such as Facebook’s "Like" button or Twitter’s “tweet” button that particular social network’s plugin will be activated and your browser will directly connect to that provider’s servers. If you do not use these buttons none of your data will be sent to the respective social network’s plugin providers. To illustrate this further, imagine the scenario where you click on the Facebook’s "Like" button on the Sites. Facebook will receive your IP address, the browser version and screen resolution, and the operating system of the device you have used to access the Sites. Settings regarding privacy protection can be found on the websites of these social networks and are not within our control. Third-Party Service Providers. We do NOT use third-party service providers on the Sites. ​ 6. SECURITY We take the security of your personal information seriously and use reasonable electronic, personnel and physical measures to protect it from loss, theft, alteration or misuse. However, please be advised that even the best security measures cannot fully eliminate all risks. We cannot guarantee that only authorized persons will view your personal information. We are not responsible for third-party circumvention of any privacy settings or security measures. We are dedicated to protect all personal information on the Sites as is necessary. However, you are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your personal information by keeping your password and computer/mobile device access confidential. If you have an account with Company and believe someone has gained unauthorized access to it or your account please change your password as soon as possible. If you lose control of your account, you should notify us immediately. 11. GOVERNING LAW Disputes over privacy issues contained in this Privacy Notice will be governed by the law of the State. You also agree to abide by any limitation on damages contained in our Terms of Use, or other agreement that we have with you. 12. PRIVACY NOTICE CHANGES Company may, in its sole discretion, change this Privacy Notice from time to time. Any and all changes to Company’s Privacy Notice will be reflected on this page and the date of the new version will be stated at the top of this Privacy Notice. Unless stated otherwise, our current Privacy Notice applies to all personal information that we have about you and your account. Users should regularly check this page for any changes to this Privacy Notice. Company will always post new versions of the Privacy Notice on the Sites. However, Company may, as determined in its discretion, decide to notify users of changes made to this Privacy Notice via email or otherwise. Accordingly, it is important that users always maintain and update their contact personal information. ​

Terms & Conditions AGREEMENT TO TERMS These Terms of Service constitute a legally binding agreement made between you, whether personally or on behalf of an entity (“you”) and [HAPPY - PAWS PetCare] (“we,” “us” or “our”), concerning your access to and use of the [https://www.happypawspets.co/ ] website as well as any other media form, media channel, mobile website or mobile application related, linked, or otherwise connected thereto (collectively, the “Site”). You agree that by accessing the Site, you have read, understood, and agree to be bound by all of these Terms of Service. If you do not agree with all of these Terms of Service, then you are expressly prohibited from using the Site and you must discontinue use immediately. Supplemental Terms of Service or documents that may be posted on the Site from time to time are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to make changes or modifications to these Terms of Service at any time and for any reason. We will alert you about any changes by updating the “Last updated” date of these Terms of Service, and you waive any right to receive specific notice of each such change. It is your responsibility to periodically review these Terms of Service to stay informed of updates. You will be subject to, and will be deemed to have been made aware of and to have accepted, the changes in any revised Terms of Service by your continued use of the Site after the date such revised Terms of Service are posted. The information provided on the Site is not intended for distribution to or use by any person or entity in any jurisdiction or country where such distribution or use would be contrary to law or regulation or which would subject us to any registration requirement within such jurisdiction or country. Accordingly, those persons who choose to access the Site from other locations do so on their own initiative and are solely responsible for compliance with local laws, if and to the extent local laws are applicable. [The Site is intended for users who are at least 13 years of age.] All users who are minors in the jurisdiction in which they reside (generally under the age of 18) must have the permission of, and be directly supervised by, their parent or guardian to use the Site. If you are a minor, you must have your parent or guardian read and agree to these Terms of Service prior to you using the Site. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ​ Unless otherwise indicated, the Site is our proprietary property and all source code, databases, functionality, software, website designs, audio, video, text, photographs, and graphics on the Site (collectively, the “Content”) and the trademarks, service marks, and logos contained therein (the “Marks”) are owned or controlled by us or licensed to us, and are protected by copyright and trademark laws and various other intellectual property rights and unfair competition laws of the United States, foreign jurisdictions, and international conventions. The Content and the Marks are provided on the Site “AS IS” for your information and personal use only. Except as expressly provided in these Terms of Service, no part of the Site and no Content or Marks may be copied, reproduced, aggregated, republished, uploaded, posted, publicly displayed, encoded, translated, transmitted, distributed, sold, licensed, or otherwise exploited for any commercial purpose whatsoever, without our express prior written permission. Provided that you are eligible to use the Site, you are granted a limited license to access and use the Site and to download or print a copy of any portion of the Content to which you have properly gained access solely for your personal, non-commercial use. We reserve all rights not expressly granted to you in and to the Site, the Content and the Marks. USER REPRESENTATIONS ​ By using the Site, you represent and warrant that: [(1) all registration information you submit will be true, accurate, current, and complete; (2) you will maintain the accuracy of such information and promptly update such registration information as necessary;] (3) you have the legal capacity and you agree to comply with these Terms of Service; [(4) you are not under the age of 13;] (5) not a minor in the jurisdiction in which you reside [, or if a minor, you have received parental permission to use the Site]; (6) you will not access the Site through automated or non-human means, whether through a bot, script, or otherwise; (7) you will not use the Site for any illegal or unauthorized purpose; (8) your use of the Site will not violate any applicable law or regulation. If you provide any information that is untrue, inaccurate, not current, or incomplete, we have the right to suspend or terminate your account and refuse any and all current or future use of the Site (or any portion thereof). USER REGISTRATION ​ You may be required to register with the Site. You agree to keep your password confidential and will be responsible for all use of your account and password. We reserve the right to remove, reclaim, or change a username you select if we determine, in our sole discretion, that such username is inappropriate, obscene, or otherwise objectionable. PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES ​ You may not access or use the Site for any purpose other than that for which we make the Site available. The Site may not be used in connection with any commercial endeavors except those that are specifically endorsed or approved by us. As a user of the Site, you agree not to: systematically retrieve data or other content from the Site to create or compile, directly or indirectly, a collection, compilation, database, or directory without written permission from us. make any unauthorized use of the Site, including collecting usernames and/or email addresses of users by electronic or other means for the purpose of sending unsolicited email, or creating user accounts by automated means or under false pretenses. use a buying agent or purchasing agent to make purchases on the Site. use the Site to advertise or offer to sell goods and services. circumvent, disable, or otherwise interfere with security-related features of the Site, including features that prevent or restrict the use or copying of any Content or enforce limitations on the use of the Site and/or the Content contained therein. engage in unauthorized framing of or linking to the Site. trick, defraud, or mislead us and other users, especially in any attempt to learn sensitive account information such as user passwords; make improper use of our support services or submit false reports of abuse or misconduct. engage in any automated use of the system, such as using scripts to send comments or messages, or using any data mining, robots, or similar data gathering and extraction tools. interfere with, disrupt, or create an undue burden on the Site or the networks or services connected to the Site. attempt to impersonate another user or person or use the username of another user. sell or otherwise transfer your profile. use any information obtained from the Site in order to harass, abuse, or harm another person. use the Site as part of any effort to compete with us or otherwise use the Site and/or the Content for any revenue-generating endeavor or commercial enterprise. decipher, decompile, disassemble, or reverse engineer any of the software comprising or in any way making up a part of the Site. attempt to bypass any measures of the Site designed to prevent or restrict access to the Site, or any portion of the Site. harass, annoy, intimidate, or threaten any of our employees or agents engaged in providing any portion of the Site to you. delete the copyright or other proprietary rights notice from any Content. copy or adapt the Site’s software, including but not limited to Flash, PHP, HTML, JavaScript, or other code. upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) viruses, Trojan horses, or other material, including excessive use of capital letters and spamming (continuous posting of repetitive text), that interferes with any party’s uninterrupted use and enjoyment of the Site or modifies, impairs, disrupts, alters, or interferes with the use, features, functions, operation, or maintenance of the Site. upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) any material that acts as a passive or active information collection or transmission mechanism, including without limitation, clear graphics interchange formats (“gifs”), 1×1 pixels, web bugs, cookies, or other similar devices (sometimes referred to as “spyware” or “passive collection mechanisms” or “pcms”). except as may be the result of standard search engine or Internet browser usage, use, launch, develop, or distribute any automated system, including without limitation, any spider, robot, cheat utility, scraper, or offline reader that accesses the Site, or using or launching any unauthorized script or other software. disparage, tarnish, or otherwise harm, in our opinion, us and/or the Site. use the Site in a manner inconsistent with any applicable laws or regulations. USER GENERATED CONTRIBUTIONS ​ The Site may invite you to chat, contribute to, or participate in blogs, message boards, online forums, and other functionality, and may provide you with the opportunity to create, submit, post, display, transmit, perform, publish, distribute, or broadcast content and materials to us or on the Site, including but not limited to text, writings, video, audio, photographs, graphics, comments, suggestions, or personal information or other material (collectively, “Contributions”). Contributions may be viewable by other users of the Site and through third-party websites. As such, any Contributions you transmit may be treated as non-confidential and non-proprietary. When you create or make available any Contributions, you thereby represent and warrant that: the creation, distribution, transmission, public display, or performance, and the accessing, downloading, or copying of your Contributions do not and will not infringe the proprietary rights, including but not limited to the copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret, or moral rights of any third party. you are the creator and owner of or have the necessary licenses, rights, consents, releases, and permissions to use and to authorize us, the Site, and other users of the Site to use your Contributions in any manner contemplated by the Site and these Terms of Service. you have the written consent, release, and/or permission of each and every identifiable individual person in your Contributions to use the name or likeness of each and every such identifiable individual person to enable inclusion and use of your Contributions in any manner contemplated by the Site and these Terms of Service. your Contributions are not false, inaccurate, or misleading. your Contributions are not unsolicited or unauthorized advertising, promotional materials, pyramid schemes, chain letters, spam, mass mailings, or other forms of solicitation. your Contributions are not obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, violent, harassing, libelous, slanderous, or otherwise objectionable (as determined by us). your Contributions do not ridicule, mock, disparage, intimidate, or abuse anyone. your Contributions do not advocate the violent overthrow of any government or incite, encourage, or threaten physical harm against another. your Contributions do not violate any applicable law, regulation, or rule. your Contributions do not violate the privacy or publicity rights of any third party. your Contributions do not contain any material that solicits personal information from anyone under the age of 18 or exploits people under the age of 18 in a sexual or violent manner. your Contributions do not violate any federal or state law concerning child pornography, or otherwise intended to protect the health or well-being of minors; your Contributions do not include any offensive comments that are connected to race, national origin, gender, sexual preference, or physical handicap. your Contributions do not otherwise violate, or link to material that violates, any provision of these Terms of Service, or any applicable law or regulation. Any use of the Site in violation of the foregoing violates these Terms of Service and may result in, among other things, termination or suspension of your rights to use the Site. CONTRIBUTION LICENSE ​ By posting your Contributions to any part of the Site [or making Contributions accessible to the Site by linking your account from the Site to any of your social networking accounts], you automatically grant, and you represent and warrant that you have the right to grant, to us an unrestricted, unlimited, irrevocable, perpetual, non-exclusive, transferable, royalty-free, fully-paid, worldwide right, and license to host, use, copy, reproduce, disclose, sell, resell, publish, broadcast, retitle, archive, store, cache, publicly perform, publicly display, reformat, translate, transmit, excerpt (in whole or in part), and distribute such Contributions (including, without limitation, your image and voice) for any purpose, commercial, advertising, or otherwise, and to prepare derivative works of, or incorporate into other works, such Contributions, and grant and authorize sub-licenses of the foregoing. The use and distribution may occur in any media formats and through any media channels. This license will apply to any form, media, or technology now known or hereafter developed, and includes our use of your name, company name, and franchise name, as applicable, and any of the trademarks, service marks, trade names, logos, and personal and commercial images you provide. You waive all moral rights in your Contributions, and you warrant that moral rights have not otherwise been asserted in your Contributions.We do not assert any ownership over your Contributions. You retain full ownership of all of your Contributions and any intellectual property rights or other proprietary rights associated with your Contributions. We are not liable for any statements or representations in your Contributions provided by you in any area on the Site. You are solely responsible for your Contributions to the Site and you expressly agree to exonerate us from any and all responsibility and to refrain from any legal action against us regarding your Contributions. We have the right, in our sole and absolute discretion, (1) to edit, redact, or otherwise change any Contributions; (2) to re-categorize any Contributions to place them in more appropriate locations on the Site; and (3) to pre-screen or delete any Contributions at any time and for any reason, without notice. We have no obligation to monitor your Contributions. GUIDELINES FOR REVIEWS ​ We may provide you areas on the Site to leave reviews or ratings. When posting a review, you must comply with the following criteria: (1) you should have firsthand experience with the person/entity being reviewed; (2) your reviews should not contain offensive profanity, or abusive, racist, offensive, or hate language; (3) your reviews should not contain discriminatory references based on religion, race, gender, national origin, age, marital status, sexual orientation, or disability; (4) your reviews should not contain references to illegal activity; (5) you should not be affiliated with competitors if posting negative reviews; (6) you should not make any conclusions as to the legality of conduct; (7) you may not post any false or misleading statements; (8) you may not organize a campaign encouraging others to post reviews, whether positive or negative. We may accept, reject, or remove reviews in our sole discretion. We have absolutely no obligation to screen reviews or to delete reviews, even if anyone considers reviews objectionable or inaccurate. Reviews are not endorsed by us, and do not necessarily represent our opinions or the views of any of our affiliates or partners. We do not assume liability for any review or for any claims, liabilities, or losses resulting from any review. By posting a review, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free, fully-paid, assignable, and sub-licensable right and license to reproduce, modify, translate, transmit by any means, display, perform, and/or distribute all content relating to reviews. SOCIAL MEDIA ​ As part of the functionality of the Site, you may link your account with online accounts you have with third-party service providers (each such account, a “Third-Party Account”) by either: (1) providing your Third-Party Account login information through the Site; or (2) allowing us to access your Third-Party Account, as is permitted under the applicable Terms of Service that govern your use of each Third-Party Account. You represent and warrant that you are entitled to disclose your Third-Party Account login information to us and/or grant us access to your Third-Party Account, without breach by you of any of the Terms of Service that govern your use of the applicable Third-Party Account, and without obligating us to pay any fees or making us subject to any usage limitations imposed by the third-party service provider of the Third-Party Account. By granting us access to any Third-Party Accounts, you understand that (1) we may access, make available, and store (if applicable) any content that you have provided to and stored in your Third-Party Account (the “Social Network Content”) so that it is available on and through the Site via your account, including without limitation any friend lists and (2) we may submit to and receive from your Third-Party Account additional information to the extent you are notified when you link your account with the Third-Party Account. Depending on the Third-Party Accounts you choose and subject to the privacy settings that you have set in such Third-Party Accounts, personally identifiable information that you post to your Third-Party Accounts may be available on and through your account on the Site. Please note that if a Third-Party Account or associated service becomes unavailable or our access to such Third-Party Account is terminated by the third-party service provider, then Social Network Content may no longer be available on and through the Site. You will have the ability to disable the connection between your account on the Site and your Third-Party Accounts at any time. SUBMISSIONS ​ You acknowledge and agree that any questions, comments, suggestions, ideas, feedback, or other information regarding the Site (“Submissions”) provided by you to us are non-confidential and shall become our sole property. We shall own exclusive rights, including all intellectual property rights, and shall be entitled to the unrestricted use and dissemination of these Submissions for any lawful purpose, commercial or otherwise, without acknowledgment or compensation to you. You hereby waive all moral rights to any such Submissions, and you hereby warrant that any such Submissions are original with you or that you have the right to submit such Submissions. You agree there shall be no recourse against us for any alleged or actual infringement or misappropriation of any proprietary right in your Submissions. THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES AND CONTENT The Site may contain (or you may be sent via the Site) links to other websites (“Third-Party Websites”) as well as articles, photographs, text, graphics, pictures, designs, music, sound, video, information, applications, software, and other content or items belonging to or originating from third parties (“Third-Party Content”). Such Third-Party Websites and Third-Party Content are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, appropriateness, or completeness by us, and we are not responsible for any Third-Party Websites accessed through the Site or any Third-Party Content posted on, available through, or installed from the Site, including the content, accuracy, offensiveness, opinions, reliability, privacy practices, or other policies of or contained in the Third-Party Websites or the Third-Party Content. Inclusion of, linking to, or permitting the use or installation of any Third-Party Websites or any Third-Party Content does not imply approval or endorsement thereof by us. If you decide to leave the Site and access the Third-Party Websites or to use or install any Third-Party Content, you do so at your own risk, and you should be aware these Terms of Service no longer govern. You should review the applicable terms and policies, including privacy and data gathering practices, of any website to which you navigate from the Site or relating to any applications you use or install from the Site. Any purchases you make through Third-Party Websites will be through other websites and from other companies, and we take no responsibility whatsoever in relation to such purchases which are exclusively between you and the applicable third party. You agree and acknowledge that we do not endorse the products or services offered on Third-Party Websites and you shall hold us harmless from any harm caused by your purchase of such products or services. Additionally, you shall hold us harmless from any losses sustained by you or harm caused to you relating to or resulting in any way from any Third-Party Content or any contact with Third-Party Websites. ​ ADVERTISERS ​ We allow advertisers to display their advertisements and other information in certain areas of the Site, such as sidebar advertisements or banner advertisements. If you are an advertiser, you shall take full responsibility for any advertisements you place on the Site and any services provided on the Site or products sold through those advertisements. Further, as an advertiser, you warrant and represent that you possess all rights and authority to place advertisements on the Site, including, but not limited to, intellectual property rights, publicity rights, and contractual rights. [As an advertiser, you agree that such advertisements are subject to our Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”) Notice and Policy provisions as described below, and you understand and agree there will be no refund or other compensation for DMCA takedown-related issues.] We simply provide the space to place such advertisements, and we have no other relationship with advertisers. ​ SITE MANAGEMENT ​ We reserve the right, but not the obligation, to: (1) monitor the Site for violations of these Terms of Service; (2) take appropriate legal action against anyone who, in our sole discretion, violates the law or these Terms of Service, including without limitation, reporting such user to law enforcement authorities; (3) in our sole discretion and without limitation, refuse, restrict access to, limit the availability of, or disable (to the extent technologically feasible) any of your Contributions or any portion thereof; (4) in our sole discretion and without limitation, notice, or liability, to remove from the Site or otherwise disable all files and content that are excessive in size or are in any way burdensome to our systems; (5) otherwise manage the Site in a manner designed to protect our rights and property and to facilitate the proper functioning of the Site. ​ PRIVACY POLICY ​ We care about data privacy and security. Please review our Privacy Policy. By using the Site, you agree to be bound by our Privacy Policy, which is incorporated into these Terms of Service. Please be advised the Site is hosted in the United States. If you access the Site from the European Union, Asia, or any other region of the world with laws or other requirements governing personal data collection, use, or disclosure that differ from applicable laws in the United States, then through your continued use of the Site, you are transferring your data to the United States, and you expressly consent to have your data transferred to and processed in the United States. [Further, we do not knowingly accept, request, or solicit information from children or knowingly market to children. Therefore, in accordance with the U.S. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, if we receive actual knowledge that anyone under the age of 13 has provided personal information to us without the requisite and verifiable parental consent, we will delete that information from the Site as quickly as is reasonably practical.] ​ COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENTS ​ We respect the intellectual property rights of others. If you believe that any material available on or through the Site infringes upon any copyright you own or control, please immediately notify us using the contact information provided below (a “Notification”). A copy of your Notification will be sent to the person who posted or stored the material addressed in the Notification. Please be advised that pursuant to federal law you may be held liable for damages if you make material misrepresentations in a Notification. Thus, if you are not sure that material located on or linked to by the Site infringes your copyright, you should consider first contacting an attorney.] TERM AND TERMINATION These Terms of Service shall remain in full force and effect while you use the Site. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THESE TERMS OF SERVICE, WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION AND WITHOUT NOTICE OR LIABILITY, DENY ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE (INCLUDING BLOCKING CERTAIN IP ADDRESSES), TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY REASON OR FOR NO REASON, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION FOR BREACH OF ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR COVENANT CONTAINED IN THESE TERMS OF SERVICE OR OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. WE MAY TERMINATE YOUR USE OR PARTICIPATION IN THE SITE OR DELETE [YOUR ACCOUNT AND] ANY CONTENT OR INFORMATION THAT YOU POSTED AT ANY TIME, WITHOUT WARNING, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION. If we terminate or suspend your account for any reason, you are prohibited from registering and creating a new account under your name, a fake or borrowed name, or the name of any third party, even if you may be acting on behalf of the third party. In addition to terminating or suspending your account, we reserve the right to take appropriate legal action, including without limitation pursuing civil, criminal, and injunctive redress. MODIFICATIONS AND INTERRUPTIONS We reserve the right to change, modify, or remove the contents of the Site at any time or for any reason at our sole discretion without notice. However, we have no obligation to update any information on our Site. We also reserve the right to modify or discontinue all or part of the Site without notice at any time. We will not be liable to you or any third party for any modification, price change, suspension, or discontinuance of the Site. We cannot guarantee the Site will be available at all times. We may experience hardware, software, or other problems or need to perform maintenance related to the Site, resulting in interruptions, delays, or errors. We reserve the right to change, revise, update, suspend, discontinue, or otherwise modify the Site at any time or for any reason without notice to you. You agree that we have no liability whatsoever for any loss, damage, or inconvenience caused by your inability to access or use the Site during any downtime or discontinuance of the Site. Nothing in these Terms of Service will be construed to obligate us to maintain and support the Site or to supply any corrections, updates, or releases in connection therewith. GOVERNING LAW These Terms of Service and your use of the Site are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of [name of state] applicable to agreements made and to be entirely performed within the State/Commonwealth of [name of state], without regard to its conflict of law principles. DISPUTE RESOLUTION Any legal action of whatever nature brought by either you or us (collectively, the “Parties” and individually, a “Party”) shall be commenced or prosecuted in the state and federal courts located in [name of county] County, [name of state], and the Parties hereby consent to, and waive all defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction and forum non convenient with respect to venue and jurisdiction in such state and federal courts. Application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA) are excluded from these Terms of Service. In no event shall any claim, action, or proceeding brought by either Party related in any way to the Site be commenced more than 10 years after the cause of action arose. Informal Negotiations To expedite resolution and control the cost of any dispute, controversy, or claim related to these Terms of Service (each a “Dispute” and collectively, the “Disputes”) brought by either you or us (individually, a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”), the Parties agree to first attempt to negotiate any Dispute (except those Disputes expressly provided below) informally for at least ______ days before initiating arbitration. Such informal negotiations commence upon written notice from one Party to the other Party. Binding Arbitration If the Parties are unable to resolve a Dispute through informal negotiations, the Dispute (except those Disputes expressly excluded below) will be finally and exclusively resolved by binding arbitration. YOU UNDERSTAND THAT WITHOUT THIS PROVISION, YOU WOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO SUE IN COURT AND HAVE A JURY TRIAL. The arbitration shall be commenced and conducted under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) and, where appropriate, the AAA’s Supplementary Procedures for Consumer Related Disputes (“AAA Consumer Rules”), both of which are available at the AAA website www.adr.org . Your arbitration fees and your share of arbitrator compensation shall be governed by the AAA Consumer Rules and, where appropriate, limited by the AAA Consumer Rules. [If such costs are determined by the arbitrator to be excessive, we will pay all arbitration fees and expenses.] The arbitration may be conducted in person, through the submission of documents, by phone, or online. The arbitrator will make a decision in writing, but need not provide a statement of reasons unless requested by either Party. The arbitrator must follow applicable law, and any award may be challenged if the arbitrator fails to do so. Except where otherwise required by the applicable AAA rules or applicable law, the arbitration will take place in [name of county] County, [name of state]. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Parties may litigate in court to compel arbitration, stay proceedings pending arbitration, or to confirm, modify, vacate, or enter judgment on the award entered by the arbitrator. If for any reason, a Dispute proceeds in court rather than arbitration, the Dispute shall be commenced or prosecuted in the state and federal courts located in [name of county] County, [name of state], and the Parties hereby consent to, and waive all defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction, and forum non convenient with respect to venue and jurisdiction in such state and federal courts. Application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA) are excluded from these Terms of Service. In no event shall any Dispute brought by either Party related in any way to the Site be commenced more than _____ years after the cause of action arose. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction Binding Arbitration To expedite resolution and control the cost of any dispute, controversy or claim related to these Terms of Service (each a “Dispute” and collectively, “Disputes”), any Dispute brought by either you or us (individually, a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”) shall be finally and exclusively resolved by binding arbitration. YOU UNDERSTAND THAT WITHOUT THIS PROVISION, YOU WOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO SUE IN COURT AND HAVE A JURY TRIAL. The arbitration shall be commenced and conducted under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) and, where appropriate, the AAA’s Supplementary Procedures for Consumer Related Disputes (“AAA Consumer Rules”), both of which are available at the AAA website www.adr.org . Your arbitration fees and your share of arbitrator compensation shall be governed by the AAA Consumer Rules and, where appropriate, limited by the AAA Consumer Rules. [If such costs are determined to by the arbitrator to be excessive, we will pay all arbitration fees and expenses.] The arbitration may be conducted in person, through the submission of documents, by phone, or online. The arbitrator will make a decision in writing, but need not provide a statement of reasons unless requested by either Party. The arbitrator must follow applicable law, and any award may be challenged if the arbitrator fails to do so. Except where otherwise required by the applicable AAA rules or applicable law, the arbitration will take place in [name of county] County, [name of state]. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Parties may litigate in court to compel arbitration, stay proceedings pending arbitration, or to confirm, modify, vacate, or enter judgment on the award entered by the arbitrator. If for any reason, a Dispute proceeds in court rather than arbitration, the Dispute shall be commenced or prosecuted in the state and federal courts located in [name of county] County, [name of state], and the Parties hereby consent to, and waive all defenses of lack of, personal jurisdiction, and forum non convenient with respect to venue and jurisdiction in such state and federal courts. Application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA) are excluded from these Terms of Service. In no event shall any Dispute brought by either Party related in any way to the Site or Services be commenced more than 10 years after the cause of action arose. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court. Restrictions The Parties agree that any arbitration shall be limited to the Dispute between the Parties individually. To the full extent permitted by law, (a) no arbitration shall be joined with any other proceeding; (b) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be arbitrated on a class-action basis or to utilize class action procedures; and (c) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be brought in a purported representative capacity on behalf of the general public or any other persons. Exceptions to [Informal Negotiations and] Arbitration The Parties agree that the following Disputes are not subject to the above provisions concerning [informal negotiations and] binding arbitration: (a) any Disputes seeking to enforce or protect, or concerning the validity of, any of the intellectual property rights of a Party; (b) any Dispute related to, or arising from, allegations of theft, piracy, invasion of privacy, or unauthorized use; and (c) any claim for injunctive relief. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court. CORRECTIONS There may be information on the Site that contains typographical errors, inaccuracies, or omissions that may relate to the Site, including descriptions, pricing, availability, and various other information. We reserve the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies, or omissions and to change or update the information on the Site at any time, without prior notice. DISCLAIMER THE SITE IS PROVIDED ON AN AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE BASIS. YOU AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND OUR SERVICES WILL BE AT YOUR SOLE RISK. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN CONNECTION WITH THE SITE AND YOUR USE THEREOF, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WE MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE SITE’S CONTENT OR THE CONTENT OF ANY WEBSITES LINKED TO THE SITE AND WE WILL ASSUME NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY (1) ERRORS, MISTAKES, OR INACCURACIES OF CONTENT AND MATERIALS, (2) PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, RESULTING FROM YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE, (3) ANY UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR USE OF OUR SECURE SERVERS AND/OR ANY AND ALL PERSONAL INFORMATION AND/OR FINANCIAL INFORMATION STORED THEREIN, (4) ANY INTERRUPTION OR CESSATION OF TRANSMISSION TO OR FROM THE SITE, (5) ANY BUGS, VIRUSES, TROJAN HORSES, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE TRANSMITTED TO OR THROUGH THE SITE BY ANY THIRD PARTY, AND/OR (6) ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN ANY CONTENT AND MATERIALS OR FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF ANY CONTENT POSTED, TRANSMITTED, OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE VIA THE SITE. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE ADVERTISED OR OFFERED BY A THIRD PARTY THROUGH THE SITE, ANY HYPERLINKED WEBSITE, OR ANY WEBSITE OR MOBILE APPLICATION FEATURED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING, AND WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND ANY THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES. AS WITH THE PURCHASE OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE THROUGH ANY MEDIUM OR IN ANY ENVIRONMENT, YOU SHOULD USE YOUR BEST JUDGMENT AND EXERCISE CAUTION WHERE APPROPRIATE. LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY IN NO EVENT WILL WE OR OUR DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFIT, LOST REVENUE, LOSS OF DATA, OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING FROM YOUR USE OF THE SITE, EVEN IF WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY CONTAINED HEREIN, OUR LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION, WILL AT ALL TIMES BE LIMITED TO THE LESSER OF THE AMOUNT PAID. CERTAIN STATE LAWS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES. IF THESE LAWS APPLY TO YOU, SOME OR ALL OF THE ABOVE DISCLAIMERS OR LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU, AND YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS. INDEMNIFICATION You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold us harmless, including our subsidiaries, affiliates, and all of our respective officers, agents, partners, and employees, from and against any loss, damage, liability, claim, or demand, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, made by any third party due to or arising out of: (1) [your Contributions]; (2) use of the Site; (3) breach of these Terms of Service; (4) any breach of your representations and warranties set forth in these Terms of Service; (5) your violation of the rights of a third party, including but not limited to intellectual property rights; or (6) any overt harmful act toward any other user of the Site with whom you connected via the Site. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we reserve the right, at your expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter for which you are required to indemnify us, and you agree to cooperate, at your expense, with our defense of such claims. We will use reasonable efforts to notify you of any such claim, action, or proceeding which is subject to this indemnification upon becoming aware of it. ​ MISCELLANEOUS ​ These Terms of Service and any policies or operating rules posted by us on the Site constitute the entire agreement and understanding between you and us. Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Service shall not operate as a waiver of such right or provision. These Terms of Service operate to the fullest extent permissible by law. We may assign any or all of our rights and obligations to others at any time. We shall not be responsible or liable for any loss, damage, delay, or failure to act caused by any cause beyond our reasonable control. If any provision or part of a provision of these Terms of Service is determined to be unlawful, void, or unenforceable, that provision or part of the provision is deemed severable from these Terms of Service and does not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. There is no joint venture, partnership, employment or agency relationship created between you and us as a result of these Terms of Service or use of the Site. You agree that these Terms of Service will not be construed against us by virtue of having drafted them. You hereby waive any and all defenses you may have based on the electronic form of these Terms of Service and the lack of signing by the parties hereto to execute these Terms of Service. ​